Birch gate – gate on the Eastern boundary of the Palace Park, built in the late 18th century by the architect V. Brenna and which is the best of his creation in the Gatchina Park. In its architectonics, they have no analogues among other Palace and Park buildings in St. Petersburg suburbs. Birch gate is the Eastern entrance to the Park. In addition, they are included in the ensemble of the English garden, forming together with the Birch house and the adjacent territory "Birch area".
The composition of the gate consists of three parts. The bulk of the structure is created with two symmetrical, rectangular pavilions, which play the role of the pylons flanking the arched passage and supporting the upper tier of the gate. The upper part of the pavilions crowned by cornices and upstream sites. In the pavilions houses lighted with Windows on the front facades of buildings. The entrances to the pavilions located in the passage, on the inner side of the gate. External facades of the gate have a semicircular niches, where, according to the architect, had to stand the statues.
Architectural design of the gate is close in style to the architecture of Ancient Rome. The building gives the impression of monumentality and triumphalist due to the proportions of the whole structure and the ratio of the constituent elements. Same size height and width of the buildings create a sense of stability and permanence, and the enormity of the highlights, as if sandwiched between massive pavilions arch.
A special significance due to the play of light and shadow give far a deeply incised cornices and niches. This effect is also emphasized relief panels on the walls of the building. Birch gate is made of Pudost stone due to its color and texture focuses on the architectonics of the building, performing rhythmic articulation of its elements: panels, friezes, strengthening the opposition and carried structural and optical emphasizing the elasticity of migration.
The original architect's plan differed from the gate built. Up to the present day has reached the draft Birch gate, 1790s the Main difference is the more saturated the sculptural decoration. In the niches were supposed to install the sculptures of Mars and Bellona. Instead of curly panels above niches were to be linked by garlands sculptural medallions. At the top of the pylons had to be grooves, arched over arch – reliefs of winged geniuses victory, the frieze compositions of antique trophy of arms. The gate was supposed to marry a sculpture of the goddess Nike on an oval pedestal.
Birch gate was built in 1795-1798, Their construction involved Giovanni Visconti, this master. The contract for the construction of the Birch gate in the English garden near Birch house was concluded with the local merchant Marian Vorobyov 24 January 1795, April 30, to the construction drew is known for participating in the construction of other Gatchina attractions, local Builder Kirana Plastinina. Construction was completed on 1 September 1795, but the extraction and subsequent processing of stone stretched to 1797 By the end of 1797 gates were built. But their finishing continued until 1798
Enclosed upper deck of the guardhouse was designed and used as one of the lookout points in Gatchina Park. Here was the view of the White lake and adjacent to the gate area.
Platform over the side pavilions in 1843 were covered with a roof of iron. This significantly changed the overall appearance of the gate. It was then demolished the stairs leading to the observation deck top of the guardhouse from the interior of the gate. The premises were used as a warehouse of garden tools.
In 1881, close to all the gates of the Palace Park by architect Ludwig Frantsevich of schperer just, including, and adjacent to Birch gate, built guardhouses of red brick.
Original Birch gate was called "Birch gate house" because they were built near before Birch Lodge. In the mid-19th century the name was changed to the Large stone gate", and now generally accepted, their name sounds like "Birch gate".
After the great Patriotic war was held in the restoration and conservation work of Birch gate.
I can add description