Pyatnitskaya Church named in honor of the Holy Martyr Paraskeva. It is located in the Old town and is considered the first stone of the Christian Church in Vilnius, although it was initially a wooden structure. Later she became stone by order of Mary the wife of Prince Algebras.

St Paraskeva Church was built in 1345 and was not different architectural delights or outstanding size. But Pyatnitskaya Church is known for the fact that it is in this great Peter I served a moleben in honor of the victory over Charles XII during the great Northern war. The king gave the Church a banner, which he captured by the Swedish soldiers.

According to some, in ancient times, at the present location of the Church was situated the temple of Ragutis – Lithuanian God of drunkenness. Wife of Grand Duke Maria has insisted that the temple was demolished and destroyed, and in its place built an Orthodox Church in 1345. Who died in 1346 Maria of Vitebsk was buried in this Church. This temple is called the first Christian temple in the city of Wilno, built of stone.

In 1557 the Church was damaged by fire, but in 1560 it was restored. But in 1610 the Church fell another fire, after which the temple was restored only in HAB. Inevitably, the Church fell into decay, because the conflict of the Uniate and the Orthodox Church could not fail to affect its condition.

Later, in 1746, the Church almost to the ground was burned, and on his recovery took a considerable amount of effort. The Uniates still got the Church to himself in possession in 1795. But in 1839, when the Lithuanian Uniate Church was abolished, the Church again fell into the hands of Orthodoxy. At this time the Church was an old building used as a storehouse for wood.

In 1864 St Paraskeva Church was almost rebuilt in the same place. This event contributed to the Governor-General Muravyov, M. N., and the architect of the new temple became Marcinowski. To the temple occupied a better position, were demolished some of the buildings that surrounded the ruined Church. The ancient structure of the Church is preserved only in part. The Church was consecrated in 1865 in the presence of Governor-General von Kaufman, and 1886, the territory surrounding the Church was enclosed with an iron fence, standing on a stone Foundation.

In the second half of the XIX century the Church did not have its own parish and was assigned to St. Nicholas Church, nearby. During the time between the First and Second world wars, the Church was administered by St. Nicholas Church. The second world war brought the destruction of the entire interior of the Church.

From 1945 to 1949 in the Church a thorough overhaul. By 1946 the Church was officially registered one hundred parishioners. In 1959, he became the life of the project equipment of the temple into a Museum of atheism, but this Museum was built much later in the Church of St. Casimir. Surprisingly, in 1961 the Pyatnitskaya Church was closed. But since 1962, the building of the Church started a Museum dedicated to the small art arts named branch of the Art Museum.

By 1990 the Church was returned to Lithuania-Vilnius diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. At the end of may 1991, the Metropolitan of Lithuania and Vilna Chrysostomos performed the ceremony of lighting of the temple. Pyatnitskaya Church has attributed to our Lady's Cathedral. Now in the Church only on Sundays for Church services, and priest Vitaly Caricias from Holy spirit Cathedral serves the Liturgy, which are held only in Lithuanian language.