9 kilometres North of Derinkuyu is Kaymakli underground city. Kaymakli is one of the largest underground cities in the valley on the territory of modern Turkey. This town is located 18 kilometers from the capital of the province of Nevsehir. In ancient times, Kaymakli was a refuge for Christians who had fled there from religious persecution and the invasion of the Arabs.

The city is a rather complex system consisting of many floors, rooms and tunnels, equipped with water wells and ventilation. Part of the rooms used as wine cellars, storehouses where they kept large stores of food stables, pottery, and other business premises. There was even a chapel. The whole underground city carved into soft volcanic rock — tuff, and its depth is about twenty meters.

Kaymakli consists of eight floors. The first floor was built by the Hittites. Later, in the periods of Byzantine and Roman rule these artificial caves increased with time, and the result was an entire underground city, which has all conditions for long-term stays. If necessary, the city could simultaneously accommodate about fifteen thousand people.

Currently excavated here only five levels of the city, and on the lower floors are still ongoing archaeological work. According to scientists this is not the limit, in addition, there is the long tunnel leading out in Derinkuyu, Kaymakli. Archaeologists do not exclude that there may be a common underground space of these cities. The location of objects here, as in "neighbor", in almost exactly the same ground the city – there is underground square, the network of streets with small houses-caves, wine presses and storage space, black smoke from the kitchen and kilometers-long ventilation shafts. The inputs into the portals were blocked by huge stone disks. In case of danger the people are tightly closed, these so-called door-stoppers with loopholes for archers, in the centre of which was a hole where the inserted rod support for the rolling disk, after which it was secured by the rails, and the doors from the inside was filled up with stones.

The entrance to Kaymakli is located in the Central square. In it throughout the route signs that help tourists to find their way in this maze of rooms and corridors. It had everything we needed: meeting rooms, monasteries, churches and cemeteries. Water, wine and oil was stored in large clay jars.

The floors were connected with vertical ventilation wells at the bottom of which was water. The underground shelter was basically a one-bedroom "apartment". They were maintained at a constant temperature through the ventilation system, amounting to 27 degrees Celsius.

Kaymakli is open for tourists since 1964. It is worth noting that people who suffer from claustrophobia from visiting Kaymakli better to abstain, because the passages there really is very narrow, and the ceilings are not particularly high.

Even if you love to explore the sights, Kaymakli is best to use the services of a local guide for several reasons. First, even inside dungeons and arrows are indicating the direction, it is, nevertheless, a city built in the expectation that its inhabitants as it was difficult to find. You will not surely get lost, but it is likely that will not immediately able to find the right path. In addition, here, as in ordinary houses, between floors, no stairs, and one goes to another, descending lower and lower. Tourists walking on these moves, not even always sure what level they stand at the moment. Secondly, all the signs are fairly simple and they have no explanation of what is before you is. If you will be close to people familiar with the history of Kaymakli, you will get much more pleasure from visiting the city. The guide will always be able to tell exactly how used vintage items and areas that you are currently visiting. In addition, although a visit to this underground city may not be uninteresting, visitors still say that to be alone there's a bit uncomfortable.