Quite a small Museum of St. Anthony is located on the square of St. Anthony, a few steps from the Cathedral of Lisbon. Near the Museum is the Church of St. Anthony. This Saint is venerated in Lisbon, and is the patron Saint of this city.

There is a legend that on the site of St Anthony's Church once stood the house where in 1195 was born this Saint, known as Anthony of Lisbon or Anthony (he is buried in the Italian city of Padua). Church of St. Anthony was built in the XVIII century on the site of an older Church which was destroyed during the earthquake in 1755. There is an assumption that the restoration of the Church was made possible thanks to the donations of the citizens, who gathered the children in commemoration of St. Anthony, the patron Saint of children. It gave rise to a popular tradition of collecting donations for St. Anthony".

The Museum of St. Anthony was opened in the 80-ies of XX century. The Museum contains books, collections of icons, engravings, sculptures, paintings and ceramics, clothing and other finery and the vessels for the Liturgy, as well as other items that are somehow connected with the life of the Saint. Among the exhibits there is a famous polychrome ceramic murals of the XVII century", St. Anthony preaches to the fish", showing one of the main episodes in the life of the Saint.

Every year in June the inhabitants of Lisbon celebrate the day of St. Anthony. The streets are held celebrations, fireworks and processions.