The Kremlin, or Chrome, is a historical and architectural centre of Pskov, the core of the Pskov fortress. He is on a high and narrow promontory where the river Pskov flows into the Great river.
The first settlements in the town date back to the middle of the first Millennium. In X-XII centuries there were built of earth, and can be, and stone building, and Trinity Cathedral from the tree. In the period from the fourteenth to early sixteenth centuries, when there was Pskov Republic, the Kremlin with the Cathedral, kromski cages and the Veche square was a spiritual, legal, and administrative center of Pskov land.
Up to the XV-XVI centuries the importance of the Kremlin as a military fortress of Pskov remained huge. The townspeople were successfully resisted numerous attacks of the Livonian knights, troops of the Polish king Stefan Batory, groups of Swedes, Germans, Lithuanians. The fortress walls were thick (2, 5-6 meters) and grew in height (6-8 meters). In 1537, at the mouth of the river Pskov were built lower grille made of wood, which covered the river bed. In 1701, during the preparation for the war with the Swedes, Peter I ordered to strengthen and upgrade the fortress of Pskov.
In 1721 Russia's Western borders were relegated from the city. The fortifications of the Kremlin and the city collapsed and began to rapidly deteriorate. In 1787 Pskov excluded from the list of existing fortresses. From that time to the 1950's, when work began on the restoration of the Kremlin (1952), he gradually destroyed.
In 1933 in the Kremlin blew up the Cathedral of the Annunciation, and, 6 years later, at the Holy Trinity Cathedral was the opening of the atheistic Museum with a Foucault pendulum. During the Second World war, the Kremlin is practically not affected.
Now square is 3 hectares. The territory is enclosed with walls of stone with a chassis grounds. The architectural complex of the Kremlin includes the following objects: Dovmont town (VIII—XVII century), "Percy" (or Dovmont wall) – front Chrome wall (1393-1424 years), Eastern and Western walls (XIV—XV century and XVII century), Dhahabi, Trinity Cathedral (1682-1699 years), bell tower (XIX century), the Decrees of the chamber, (1692-1695, 1701, the parish house, gunpowder cellar and guest house. In addition, the Fort includes tower: the exhibition hall, Rybnitsa, Trinity (Hour), Average, tower Kutekroma, Flat and Dolmatovo (Smerdu).
The heart of the Kremlin is a majestic five-domed Trinity Cathedral. In ancient times it was identified with the Pskov, which in Chronicles was called the House of the Holy Trinity. Modern Trinity Cathedral is the fourth on this site. The first temple was built in the mid-tenth century, the great Russian Princess Olga. This wooden building is considered the first Cathedral in Russia, which was consecrated in the name of the Holy Trinity. In the XII century by order I of the Pskov Prince Vsevolod-Gabriel, in its place was built a stone Church. The third Cathedral, Dating from the XIV century, was the most remarkable, as it played an important role in the development of local architectural traditions.
Today's Trinity Cathedral was built in 1699 in the all-Russian traditions. Under his roof is 6 Church of thrones, and in the lower tier – the tomb of Pskov bishops and princes. The Cathedral is striking in its beauty, solemnity, grandeur, gazing skyward. The pride of Russian art of the XVII century – 7-merucry the iconostasis of the Cathedral. To the most revered shrines of the temple are the miraculous icon, the reliquary of Pskov saints and Holguin cross.
The Kremlin in Pskov is a unique place. Here in the gentle silence of the Cathedral lie the Holy relics, in one merge a harmonious ensemble of buildings of different years and styles. Having been in the Kremlin makes you feel great and heroic history of Russia.
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