In the collection of the fourth-largest in the world art gallery became works of art collected by the representatives of the Habsburg dynasty. The Museum exposition is placed in a building on the square of Maria Theresa, built by the project of Karl Hasenauer and Gottfried Semper. The Museum was opened in 1891.

Here are collected the ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman rarity; European sculpture and works of decorative art of the XV-XVIII centuries; the Venetian and Flemish painting of the sixteenth century; paintings of the early Dutch and German painters, as well as a magnificent collection of ancient coins.