The national Park of Stelvio, established in 1935, the year, is one of the oldest parks of Italy and the largest Alpine national Park, located in the regions of Lombardy and Trentino-Alto Adige. It is spread over an area of 131 thousand hectares in the heart of the Central Alps with their majestic mountain ranges, vast green forests, mountain pastures and rapid water flows that originate in the eternal glaciers. Diverse ecosystems of the Park are home to many rare species of plants and animals and the landscapes are dotted with small villages, located at the bottom of valleys or mountain slopes. Here the wildlife coexist with the land cultivated for thousands of years.
For many hundreds and thousands of years glaciers and erosive action of water streams created on the territory of the Stelvio national Park numerous valleys, which were developed in varying degrees. Each valley has its own distinctive features: for example, in Val Venosta you can see piles of debris at the foot of the mountains, longest Val Martello stands out Cevedale peak and Val Trafoi is located at the foot of the snow-covered mountains of Ortls. Lush green Val Ultimo rich water streams and lakes, as well as Val Rabbi and Val Peio known for its mineral and thermal springs.
The main valley of the Park from ancient times was used as a transport artery for hunters, seekers of minerals and traders. A good example of this artery can serve as the road from Bormio to the towers Fraile, and from there to the Engadine and the Tyrol. On the outskirts of the Park, on one of the busiest intersections, is a small town of Glorenza, still surrounded by well-preserved medieval walls. In the 13th century, people began to rise up from the valleys and started to learn the Alpine pastures, which eventually became an integral part of local agriculture. Some of the old summer encampments are still used.
The Central part of the Stelvio national Park is mostly covered by extensive glaciers and eternal snows, which are the source of many rivers and streams, in turn, forming picturesque waterfalls and lakes. On the banks of rivers and lakes grows a huge number of species of trees, shrubs, herbs and flowers, including rare, for example, glacial Buttercup, which can be found only at an altitude of 3500 meters, or dwarf storax. From the trees are alder, birch, Norway spruce, larch, cedar, pine and fir.
The rich ecosystem of the Park gave shelter to numerous species of animals: in the forests inhabited by deer and ROE deer, highlands inhabited by chamois and Alpine ibex, and there are foxes, marmots, ermines, squirrels and hares. Large predators here, however, in recent years, scientists have recorded in the Park lynx, wolf and a few young individuals of brown bears. No less diverse and bird Kingdom is in the sky above the Park hovering Kestrels, peregrine falcons, hawks, kites, Buzzards, etc.
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