The Abu Simbel temple was entirely carved out of rock in the XIII century BC in honor of the victory of the Pharaoh Ramses II over the Hittites. On the facade of the temple tower of the four colossal statues of Ramses II, seated on the throne, enriched with carved images of prisoners that symbolized the unification of Egypt.

The temple consists of four halls with ancillary rooms on the sides. In the Hypostyle hall near the South and North columns are huge statues of the God Osiris with the hook rod and the whip, topped with the crown of Upper Egypt or double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The hall reliefs depict Ramses II, striking the enemies of Egypt and bringing gifts to yourself in the form of the deity.

In the last, the smallest room there are stone statues of the gods Amun, RA, Ptah, and Ramses II. A unique feature of this temple is that only twice a year – February 22 and October 22 – the face of Pharaoh is illuminated by the first rays of the rising sun. The rest of the time direct sunlight in the last room does not penetrate.