The synagogue in Avignon has been preserved in the reconstruction of 1846. To restore the synagogue had after the fire of 1845, which had lost many valuable things, including 42 scroll of the Torah.

At its present location in Avignon synagogue stands 1221, where it was transferred by order of the Bishop of the city. In the second half of the eighteenth century that it was built a new building (which was later destroyed by fire). After the reconstruction of the synagogue acquired a neoclassical appearance.

The first written mention of Babylonian Jews refers to 1178. Under Louis XIII appeared in the new Jewish quarter. Until the mid-fifteenth century, the Christian population believed that Jews contribute greatly to the trade and economic development of the city and therefore even demanded a more lenient attitude toward them. However, in the second half of the century the opinion concerning the Jews changed: the Italian war and the transfer of the papal residence to Rome, and the plague changed the lives of avignonet for the worse, and now they believed that all this trouble has been caused by the Jews. By decree of Pope Pius the Second for the Jews was imposed several restrictions on trade and some other activities. The persecutions continued until, until the Jews were expelled from the territory of the papal possessions in Italy and France. Christians also extended the ban on dialogue with Jews. Only in the late eighteenth century few Jews were allowed to settle in Avignon. Their activity was limited to the Jewish quarter, it was forbidden the study of the Talmud, and in the synagogue, preached Catholic priests. The French revolution of 1789 the same rights as Jews with other citizens of the country.

In the synagogue there is a memorial plaque in memory of those Babylonian Jews who died during the First and Second world wars.

Beside the synagogue in Avignon are also several Jewish organizations and educational institutions.