Old churchyard Photo: old churchyard

On the coast of the white sea region, one can see many monuments of folk art, but a special place is given funerary columns-chapels, which in the North is called "stuffed cabbage". These unusual works of folk art were widespread until the late 19th century on the Northern churchyards. In our day to see such a chapel is a rarity – they virtually disappeared, was found by researchers separate the chapel did not give a full picture of the artistic features of these small structures. Scientists with special interest the study was found near the village Sherzai old churchyard, uniqueness is preserved in the rare works of folk art of carving and cutting on wood.

In the Novgorod Chronicles 15-16 centuries there are records of a large number of crosses, chapels, which stood on the streets, bridges and squares of Veliky Novgorod. The examples of the art of woodcarving was "the Wondrous cross" (V. 16) in the Volkhov bridge and the "Memorial cross" (14) on the Sophia side. Morozov is a researcher of the Northern territory reports that "In 1594, the Dutch have noted that he saw on Medynskiy volvulus Mezen the Arctic coast "many crosses", of which one with amazing art was decorated with Russian letters".

In the second half of the 19th century, renowned historian of Russian architecture by V. I. Dal are interested in seeing a chiseled column-chapel. In 1875, in the magazine "Architect" has been published by the carved figure of the column, found in Vetluga district, Kostroma province. Dahl believed that such columns is attributed to the most ancient period of the history of our culture. N. N. N. Sobolev also leads several options for such columns, he noted their important role in the development of Russian folk carving. However, these researchers was not enough material to fully explore the richness of ornaments and architectural forms in these works of folk art.

Among the columns-chapels is extremely rare to see the same, they surprise various architectural forms and ornamental carving. The most frequent ornaments on columns it is beads, rope, towns, grooves, mushroom-shaped and other motives. Carved columns cabbage rolls are of two types: flat, with carved contour and round, processed with four sides. Round bars appeared earlier flat, they were placed in cemeteries until the mid-19th century.

As round columns with square are the most artistic. Usually these bars are composed of three parts: the base, the barrel and the frame. The base of the column were buried in the ground, the trunk was under special attention of a carpenter and Woodcarver, the upper part of the post – Kyoto was in the form of a closed gable roof with a figure skate.

Flat bars were subjected to a slightly different artistic treatment of wood. They ornament was only on the front side, the arrangement was the same from the base, the barrel and Kyoto. But all these elements have been significantly altered due to treatment and decorative techniques. The grounds were stronger and were decorated by a set of vertical grooves, some artists added to them painting, composite repeating the outlines of the column. The Central part had an upraised oval, finished under the Kyoto two curls. The decoration of the Shrine consisted of carved letters – first name, surname, patronymic and date of death of the person who is buried under the column.

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