Moscow puppet theatre was founded in 1930 and is the oldest functioning in our time of puppet theatres. It was founded in the system of the state publishing house and first (until 1937) was called "the Theatre of children's books." The current name of the theatre got in 1954.

The opening of the puppet theatre in the system of the state publishing house was connected with the aim of promoting children's literature. The state publishing house was headed by A. B. Robes. He created the Theatre of children's books, which in September 1930 received the status of a professional theatre. His first artistic Director was V. Shvemberger. The main audience of the performances were children aged three to twelve years. The main repertory theatre performances were a fairy tale. It had a variety of tales: folk and literature, Russian and foreign. The repertoire of the theatre there were a lot of performances: veterinarian, washee, Twelve months, Thumbelina, the little Mermaid, the Geese, the Scarlet flower, Masha and the bear, the Ugly duckling, Bunny, and Toptyzhka, Teremok, the Hedgehog, the Nutcracker, the snow Queen, Blue bird, Cipollino, the Wizard of oz.

Enormous popularity among the Moscow puppet theater was in the period from 1986 to 1991. In those years, Leonid Khait created his famous "theater on wheels" which was called "People and dolls". In these years, the theatre has become one of the main points on the map the Moscow cultural life. The troupe has participated in international festivals and won various awards. The repertoire of the theatre appeared in shows for teenagers and adults. Leaving theatre L. Hait the heyday of the theatre ended.

In 2012 in the Moscow puppet theater began the upgrade process, which should lead to global changes. Invited to the theatre's successful production team. The absence in the theater's artistic Director must be compensated by a strict concept of its development. The tasks of the new leadership include the creation of a troupe of high professional level. An important part of the activities of the theatre, should be a special training programme for actors – puppeteers.

Will change the interior of the theatre. They will be multifunctional, and the designers will try to create a comfortable atmosphere. It is assumed that the Moscow puppet theatre will be transformed into a modern center of "a doll's life".

In our days at the Moscow puppet theater performances and touring theatres. Basically plays of Directors from other cities. In the theater lobby interesting exhibitions. One of them was the exhibition "Journey of the suitcase houses". It presents unique toys and dolls such factories, such as Bru, Kammer & Reinhardt, Simon & Halbig, and many others. The exposition is decorated extremely creative. This exposition is part of the collection of the Museum of Doll Art from the city of Riga.