In the middle ages the Jewish community of Sandomierz was one of the largest and most important in małopolska. Along with Kraków and Kazimierz, the community in Sandomierz has received from king Casimir the Great privileges and protections. Synagogue in Sandomierz was built in 1768 on the site of the old synagogue, which burned down in 1758.

The building was built in the Baroque style of brick with a mansard tiled roof. Inside are preserved paintings of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The oldest part of the frescoes of the eighteenth century preserved in the Central part of the Eastern wall. Among the surviving images we can see the following: construction of Jerusalem, the Wailing Wall, the sea of Galilee, mount Sinai. Inside are preserved paintings and inscriptions in Hebrew. The prayer hall has vaulted ceilings and interesting Gothic entrance portal.

A new synagogue was used for nearly two centuries before the Holocaust. Several times the building was reconstructed, in particular, in 1872, 1911 and 1929. During the Second world war the Jewish population of Sandomierz were killed, and the synagogue destroyed.

After a complete renovation in the 70 years, the building was transferred to the state archive, which collected records of Sandomierz from the sixteenth century and the nearby provinces. State archive of Sandomierz works in the synagogue at the present time.