In the historical part of Taganrog on Chekhova street is one of the oldest memorial museums dedicated to the life and work of A. P. Chekhov. It is a small one-story house (outhouse) with an area of about 30 square meters, built of brick, whitewashed. The house had three small rooms, unheated porch and a small corridor.

The building itself was built around 1850 and belonged to the merchant from Taganrog Gotovo A. D.. And the street at various times it was called Merchants, the Police, and later Alexander's. From 1859 until the spring of 1861, there lived the father of Anton Pavlovich – Pavel Yegorovich Chekhov, with his wife Evgenia Yakovlevna and two sons Alexander and Nicholas, 4 and 2 years old, respectively. Here in January, 1860 Anton Chekhov was born. It was here, on the shores of the Gulf of Taganrog, the childhood of Anton, he made his first acquaintances in the streets and over the counter shop store Chekhov, where the young Anton had to remain in charge in the absence of the father. In his memoirs, A. P. Chekhov told that there was tea and coffee, refreshments on tap, tobacco and pharmacy, was immediately chaos of goods and people in a small space of the store.

In 1905 at the initiative of V. Garshin in Taganrog Chekhov was organized club, and it became the initiator of the opening in 1910 of a memorial plaque on the house where the family lived Chekhov. And later, in 1916, again on the initiative of the "Chekhov's librarians", the town Council purchased from the MS Kovalenkov a house with a view to preserving them intact. Later it was decided to create a Museum, so in 1920 the house was evicted last tenants, had a repair, and in 1924 there was designed and opened the first exhibition, which told about the life of Anton Chekhov and his stay in Taganrog. In the exhibition you can meet with family photos Chekhov, as a relic preserved merchant documents father P. E. Chekhov, household items of the era.

In 2008, on the eve of the celebration of the 150 anniversary from the birthday of the great writer, the Museum had a range of restoration works. Today "Chekhov's Cottage" in Taganrog is part of the state literary and architectural reserve of Taganrog. The Museum belongs to the cultural heritage monuments of Federal significance and protected by the state.