Holy spirit convent, or a Monastery in honor of the descent of the Holy spirit on the apostles, was built in the XIV century at the foot of the mountains of Brass – one of the most picturesque districts of Vitebsk, located on a hill at the confluence of the Vitba river Dvina in.

Legend attributes the construction of the Orthodox Holy spirit Church of Vitebsk Prince Algirdas, and the Foundation of the monastery at the Church – his second wife Uliana of Tver, or the monastery was founded first wife of Algirdas Maria of Vitebsk, and Juliana was exercising his custody. In any case, the base of the Holy spirit convent in Vitebsk we owe to this noble and pious family.

After the adoption of the Union of Brest all Orthodox churches and monasteries of Vitebsk were closed. 18 January 1697 at the former Holy spirit Orthodox women's monastery was founded the Basilian monastery on the initiative of Prince Fyodor Lukomsky. For Basilian monastery were built stone houses, outbuildings and a guest house for girls.

After the third partition of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, when Vitebsk was incorporated into the Russian Empire, in 1839 Holy spirit monastery was returned to the Orthodox Church, but due to the small number of Orthodox population had to be abolished in 1855. The monastic buildings were transferred to the city jail.

In 1872, following the building of the monastery reconstruction, in Vitebsk moved Polotsk women's diocesan school. In Soviet times, the College was closed, the monastery was abolished, the Church is first closed, and in the early 1960-ies destroyed.

The revival of the monastery in our days began with the decision of the Synod of the Belarusian Orthodox Church from 3 may 2001, when the monastery was returned to the cells, refectory and chapel. During 2009-2012 a new body was constructed and the Church of the Holy spirit, consecrated on 24 November 2012.