The round tower Photo: the Round tower

The round tower is one of two surviving battle towers, built in the middle ages the Vyborg fortress, which is a stone artillery tower angelinoko type. The tower was built in 1547-1550, engineer fortifier by Hans Bergen. His name stands first in the list of engineers, architects, builders Vyborg, which is preserved in history. The city of Bergen was commissioned to design the new building in the place, where the city gate entrance on the East side. Bergen supervised the construction.

The city grew up in the East of Vyborg castle in 1470-ies was surrounded by a stone wall with a length of about 2 km In the composition of the fortification wall was composed of 10 towers. Because of the need to improve the defense at the direction of Gustav Vasa, it was decided to erect a powerful squat tower-a tower (Round tower), the front of which was the subject of 17 m in front of the city wall. This technique was necessary for the conduct of enfilade fire. It was planned to build two towers.

The round tower in terms of a perfect circle with a diameter of about 21 m. the tower Wall made of large boulders and at the base reached a four-meter thickness. Dome roof supported by a wooden rafters with complex design.

The tower was carried out by peasants and was completed on 31 August 1550. Artillery tower placed in three tiers. The top of the tower also could be used as an outdoor stage. Its first baptism of fire Round the tower got in 1556, during the siege of Vyborg by the troops of Ivan the terrible.

The round towers and rectangular Sheep tower were connected by a gallery, which consisted of two walls forming a corridor, in the North wall which were built at the entrance gate. Two towers connected by a gallery, was a type of medieval fortified gate of a device called the Barbican. The Barbican has improved the defenses of the South-Eastern wall of Stone town from the left flank.
All the buildings of the Barbican, in addition to the Round tower in the middle of the 18th century were dismantled.

Conducted in the 1970s archaeological excavations have confirmed the fact that the Round tower was located 17 metres from the Underpass. About the simultaneity of construction of Underpass and Round towers testified that the masonry walls of the Round tower from the city, was "associated" with the walls of the gallery. Also they opened a pit in which was located the lifting mechanism of the bridge.

On the right flank of Stone town Gustav Vasa also wanted to build the Barbican and strengthen them Monastic tower. But his plan was not carried out.
In 1564, when by decree of king Eric XIV began to build a Bastion fortress, which was called the Horned, the Round tower was included in the new defensive system of the city.

In 1609, in the Round tower between Tsar Vasili shuiski and king Charles IX was signed "the Vyborg treatise on military assistance. After 1710 Vyborg was taken by the Russian army, the tower was in the rear of the defense and eventually lost its military significance.

In 1861 a new urban plan bastions and walls were razed, and the tower was used as a hardware and pharmacy warehouse, Arsenal and even prison. The tower was repeatedly offered to carry, but in 1922 on the initiative of the chief city architect UNO Ullberg in the tower housed an exotic restaurant, a conference room Technical Club, library and other facilities for public use. In the design of the interior decoration of a Round tower were the motives of the art of the Renaissance. In the paintings of walls, ceilings, and carved wooden panels were reflected events in the history of the medieval Vyborg. In the hall Gustav Vasa was arranged in the Museum area, the exhibits of which were objects found during the exploration of the tower.

During the great Patriotic war the Finns here was organized a field kitchen for regenerating the city after the bombings. In the postwar years in the tower had a pharmaceutical warehouse.

In 1972 he developed the project of reconstruction of the tower. The author of the reconstruction project – Vyborg artist and architect Vladimir Dmitriev. In 1975, in the Round tower underwent restoration. Here a brigade of artists who participated in the restoration of numerous monuments of Leningrad and its suburbs. Now in the Round tower is the restaurant.

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