The formation of the archaeological Museum began in 1870-ies. The work of the Cherepovets Museum is associated with the name and archaeological activity E. V. Barsova. Since the 80-ies of the last century in the Museum is staffed by professional historians and archaeologists. In a separate building, the archaeological Museum is housed since 1987 (Krasnaya street, 1B). The Museum has 100 thousands of ancient objects. The Museum is part of the Cherepovets Museum Association. The exhibitions presents more than 2,000 items.

Archaeologists of the Museum continue the study of archaeological monuments of the Vologda region, cooperate with various research centers across the country. Over the last 20 years of work by the staff of the archaeological Association during excavations have discovered more than 400 archaeological sites studied in detail more than 30 monuments of the stone age and medieval period. The results of this painstaking work was carried out the study, employees were written scientific article. The Museum collection was enriched by the valuable archaeological finds. The Museum has a permanent exhibition called "From time immemorial". Each year in the departments of Cherepovets archaeological Museum hosts exhibitions, which are called "finds of the season".

Museum visitors get acquainted with the antiquities of the Russian North, an understanding of how people acquired a variety of skills – from primitive gathering, fishing, hunting, prior to processing of the metal complex process that does not occur in nature. The peculiarity of the exhibition is the approximation of Museum visitors (especially children) to grasp the techniques of working stone, metal, clay, wood.

On the basis of the Cherepovets Museum there are two expeditions, carried out excavations. One of them deals with the study of the historical monuments in the basin of the White lake and the river Sheksna. This expedition also studied the settlements and burial grounds on the rivers Sheksna, Sohaga, Court, Andoga. The second archaeological expedition investigates the monuments of prehistoric time (monuments X-XIV centuries). This expedition has conducted research with more than a dozen distant sites of the Mesolithic, it was at this time the region was first inhabited by people. This expedition explored the settlements which are on the territory of Cherepovets – Cathedral hill, the October bridge Oravcova.

For several years, the expedition excavated archaeological Museum is a unique historical monument in Rybinsk reservoir – the settlement of the Parish is the ancient center, which has been known since the tenth century). An expedition headed by N. In. Kosorukov – researcher of the Cherepovets Museum.

In Cherepovets is growing interest in the work of researchers and archaeologists. For a long time based on the expeditions working guys from school camps, students get their first experience of research. There are practice history students. The employees of the Museum conduct tours and lectures for the residents of Cherepovets city, and its guests, organizes the work of electives and clubs for students. Head of the archaeological Museum – the candidate of historical Sciences A. V. Kudryashov.

Currently Cherepovets archaeological Museum – one of the most famous centers for the study of archaeological sites in Russia. This famous Museum has acquired thanks to the efforts of the staff of archaeologists, who participate in scientific conferences, publish articles on the research work and cooperate with many archaeological centers.