The Church of Celestine in the form in which it can be seen nowadays, was built in the XV century. Its construction was begun in 1396 and was conducted almost a hundred years. Initially, there was a modest wooden chapel built over the burial place of St. Peter of Luxembourg. In honor of this burial has been called and the area around the chapel – place-de-Corp-St (the area of the Holy relics).

Peter of Luxembourg was known what became a high-ranking churchman in the early years – at the age of 15 he was already a Bishop of Metz, and then soon received the title of cardinal, and in 18 (1387 year) died of consumption. After his burial in Avignon rumors about miraculous cardinal's remains, and the monks of the order of Celestine decided to build over the grave of the monastery. Canonized Peter of Luxembourg was ranked only in 1527, and before that his relics were venerated and without official recognition of their Holiness Church.

Later, near the Church of the Celestine chapel was built in honor of one of St. – Benezet, one of the most revered in Avignon. According to local legend, in the life of the earth Benezet was a simple shepherd, to whom Christ appeared and told me to build in Avignon bridge over the river rhône. When the inhabitants of the city demanded that Benezet to prove their exclusivity by showing any miracle, he carried through the city to the river a huge stone and marked them with a place to build. Benezet lived in the XII century and was canonized in the XIV century.

The Church of Celestine had many values of works of art and religious utensils that during the great French revolution were burned, and the Church itself was turned into a barracks. Surviving relics of Celestine found refuge in other churches of Avignon – for example, the relics of St. Benezet are buried in the Church of the Holy Adeodata.

Currently the courtyard of the Church becomes a theatre at the time of the annual festival in July.